| Define evidence based medicine, as applicable to pediatric practice. Enlist basic steps in the practice of evidence based medicine. Name few databases of systematic reviews (DNB 2008/1)10 | 2008 |
| Clarify the concept of evidence based medicine. Define 'strength of evidence 'and 'quality of evidence'. Provide suitable examples to justify your Definitions (DNB 2011/1)3+3+4 | 2011 |
| What is Evidence Based Medicine? How are the guidelines based on Evidence Based Medicine developed? How are the recommendation graded for the level of evidence? (DNB 2011/2)2+4+4 | 2011 |
| Define and describe the following concepts used for measuring growth: a) Percentile b) Percent of median c) Z scores. Discuss their relation to each other (DNB 2012/1)2+2+3+3 | 2012 |
| Discuss the following: (DNB 2014/1)3+3+4 a) Sample size b) Ethics in research c) Types of error in research study | 2014 |
| Define and explain sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of a diagnostic test (DNB 2010/2)2.5+2.5+2.5+2.5, (DNB 2014/2)2+2+2 | 2010 |
| Student's 't' test (DNB 2014/2)4 | 2014 |
| a) Component of ethics in biomedical research b) "p value" and its level of significance c) Association concealment (DNB 2015/1)4+3+3 | 2015 |
| a) What is bias in medical research b) Common types of bias and the methods to minimize bias in analytic studies (DNB 2015/2)2+4+4 | 2015 |
| a) What is relative risk (RR) and discuss its implications? b) What is usefulness of confidence interval? (DNB 2015/2)1+3+3 | 2015 |
| Implications of sensitivity and specificity (DNB 2015/2)3 | 2015 |
| a) Clinical trials phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and phase 4. b) Ethics in biomedical research (DNB 2016/1)5+5 | 2016 |
| Forest plot graph (DNB 2016/1)3 | 2016 |
| a) Evidence based medicine b) Forest plot in meta analysis (DNB 2016/1)6+4 | 2016 |
| Meta-analysis (DNB 2016/1)3 | 2016 |
| Measures of Central tendency (DNB 2016/2)5, (DNB 2018/1)5 | 2016 |
| Odds ratio and its limitations (DNB 2016/2)5, (DNB 2021/1)5 | 2016 |
| Assessing the value of diagnostic test (DNB 2017/1)3 | 2017 |
| What is meta-analysis? (DNB 2017/1)4,(DNB 2023/1)4 | 2017 |
| Observational studies (DNB 2017/1)4, (DCH 2024/1)5 | 2017 |
| Characteristics of a good research question (DNB 2017/2)4 | 2017 |
| Need and methods of blinding for research (DNB 2017/2)6 | 2017 |
| Ethical principles when doing research on humans (DNB 2018/1)5 | 2018 |
| Study designs (DNB 2018/1)5 | 2018 |
| Components of structured abstract (DNB 2018/1)4 | 2018 |
| Source of health information in research (DNB 2018/2)5 | 2018 |
| Tests of statistical significance (DNB 2018/2)5 | 2018 |
| Steps in planning a RCT (DNB 2019/1)5 | 2019 |
| Comment critically on "Evaluation of a diagnostic test study" (DNB 2019/2)6 | 2019 |
| Positive predictive value (DNB 2019/2)2 | 2019 |
| Negative Predictive value (DNB 2019/2)2 | 2019 |
| Ethics in biomedical research (DNB 2020/1)5 | 2020 |
| Forest Plot (DNB 2020/1)5 | 2020 |
| Evidence based medicine practice (DNB 2020/1)5 | 2020 |
| Cochrane Review (DNB 2020/1)5 | 2020 |
| List the various study designs for biomedical research with one suitable example for each (DNB 2020/2)10 | 2020 |
| Chi Square test (illustrate with an example a setting where it should be used) (DNB 2020/2)5 | 2020 |
| Role of institutional ethics committee in research (DNB 2021/1)5 | 2021 |
| Plagiarism (DNB 2021/1)5 | 2021 |
| Meta-analysis of observational studies (DNB 2021/1)5 | 2021 |
| Epidemiological investigation of a disease outbreak (DNB 2021/1)5 | 2021 |
| Screening tests - Lead Time, Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values (DNB 2021/2)5 | 2021 |
| Describe the types of clinical study designs (DNB 2022/1)5 | 2022 |
| Forest Plot and its interpretation (DNB 2022/1)5 | 2022 |
| Risk biases and confounding factors in a clinical study (DNB 2022/1)5 | 2022 |
| The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to evaluate the level of evidence (DNB 2022/1)5 | 2022 |
| GRADE for certainty of evidence (DNB 2022/2)5 | 2022 |
| Assent in Research involving Children (DNB 2022/2)5 | 2022 |
| Types of bias in research and their implications (DNB 2022/2)5 | 2022 |
| Gift authorship and Ghost authorship (DNB 2022/2)5 | 2022 |
| Define the steps of randomized controlled trial (DNB 2023/1)6 | 2023 |
| Describe regression analysis (DNB 2023/1)5 | 2023 |
| ROC curve and AUC (DNB 2023/2)5 | 2023 |
| Type 1 and Type 2 error in statistics (DNB 2023/2)5 | 2023 |
| Randomised Controlled Trial (DCH 2023/2)5 | 2023 |
| Intention to treat and per protocol analysis (DCH 2023/2)5 | 2023 |
| Randomization in experimental study (DNB 2024/1)5 | 2024 |
| Phases in clinical trial and their objectives (DNB 2024/1)5 | 2024 |
| Criteria for authorship of a journal article (DNB 2024/1)5 | 2024 |
| Open access journals advantages and disadvantages (DNB 2024/1)5 | 2024 |
| What is a Forest plot? Describe the characteristics of a Forest plot with a diagram (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| Network meta-analysis (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| GRADE of recommendation (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| Case Control study (Give 2 examples) (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| Describe the following for a given test: a) Sensitivity b) Specificity c) Positive predictive value d) Negative predictive value (DCH 2024/2)2.5+2.5+2.5+2.5 | 2024 |
| Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and its importance in pediatrics (DNB 2025/1)5 | 2025 |
| What is a Forest plot? Characteristics and diagram (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| Case-control study: Give 2 examples (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| Network meta-analysis (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| GRADE of recommendation (DNB 2024/2)5 | 2024 |
| Cluster randomized trial (DNB 2025/1)5 | 2025 |
| Case-control study design: advantages/disadvantages (DNB 2025/1)5 | 2025 |
| Types of Study design (DNB 2025/1)5 | 2025 |
| Interpretation of linear correlation coefficient r (DNB 2025/1)5 | 2025 |
| Relative risk and Odds ratio (DNB 2025/1)5 | 2025 |