| Pathophysiology of regulation of Plasma Osmolality (DNB 2006/1)10 | 73 | 2006 |
| Define osmolarity. Discuss the mechanism of regulation of plasma osmolarity in the human body (DNB 2014/2)2+8 | 73 | 2014 |
| How is plasma osmolality calculated? Discuss its determinants. What are the diagnostic criteria of SIADH? (DNB 2016/1)3+4+3 | 73 | 2016 |
| Pathophysiology and regulation of plasma osmolality (DNB 2016/1)5 | 73 | 2016 |
| Determinants of plasma osmolality (DNB 2017/2)6 | 73 | 2017 |
| Factors determining the regulation of plasma osmolality (DNB 2022/2)5 | 73 | 2022 |
| Regulation of plasma osmolality (DNB 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| Osmolality regulation (DCH 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| List the causes of Hyponatremia. Discuss the clinical features, lab diagnosis and management of Hyponatremia (DNB 2005/1)3+4+3 | 73 | 2005 |
| Enumerate common causes of Hyponatremia (DNB 2006/1)5 | 73 | 2006 |
| Define hypernatremia. Describe the pathophysiological changes and steps of management of hypernatremia (DNB 2010/1)2+4+4 | 73 | 2010 |
| Define hyponatremia. Enumerate the etiology of hyponatremia. Describe the management of hypovolemic hyponatremia (DNB 2010/2)2+3+5 | 73 | 2010 |
| Define hypernatremia. Enumerate the etiology of hypernatremia. Describe the management of hypernatremic dehydration (DNB 2011/1)3+4+3 | 73 | 2011 |
| Write short notes on: Causes and management of hypernatremia in children (DNB 2013/2)5 | 73 | 2013 |
| Hypernatremia (DNB 2016/1)3 | 73 | 2016 |
| Hypernatremic dehydration (DNB 2016/1)5 | 73 | 2016 |
| Management of Hypernatremic dehydration (DNB 2017/2)6 | 73 | 2017 |
| Hypernatremia- causes, clinical features and management (DNB 2016/2)5 | 73 | 2016 |
| Management of hypovolemic hyponatremia (DNB 2018/1)5 | 73 | 2018 |
| Management of child with hyponatremia (DNB 2019/1)5 | 73 | 2019 |
| Describe the Sodium (Na) homeostasis in the body (DNB 2022/1)5 | 73 | 2022 |
| Outline the management of a 10kg weight boy with hypernatremic dehydration (DNB 2022/1)5 | 73 | 2022 |
| Management of hypernatremic dehydration (DNB 2022/2)5 | 73 | 2022 |
| Definition, clinical manifestations and treatment of Hypernatremia (DNB 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| Treatment of a 2-year-old child weighing 10 Kg with a serum sodium of 165 mEq/L (DNB 2024/2)5 | 73 | 2024 |
| Sodium Potassium regulation physiology in renal tubule (DCH 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| Hyponatremia management (DCH 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| Hyponatremia: a) Etiology b) Clinical manifestations c) Approach to investigation and treatment (DCH 2024/2)3+3+4 | 73 | 2024 |
| List the causes of Hypokalemia. Discuss the clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and management of Hypokalemia (DNB 2006/1)10 | 73 | 2006 |
| Define hypokalemia. Enlist its causes and outline clinical features and its treatment (DNB 2009/2) 1+3+2+4 | 73 | 2009 |
| Discuss the diagnostic algorithm for investigating persistent hypokalemia in a child (DNB 2013/2)10 | 73 | 2013 |
| Define hyperkalemia. Discuss management of hyperkalemia (DNB 2014/2)2+8 | 73 | 2014 |
| Hyperkalemia (DNB 2016/1)3 | 73 | 2016 |
| Hyperkalemia- causes, clinical features and management (DNB 2016/2)5 | 73 | 2016 |
| Management of hyperkalemia (DNB 2018/2)5 | 73 | 2018 |
| Hyperkalemia - ECG changes and management (DNB 2021/2)5 | 73 | 2021 |
| ECG changes in hyperkalemia (DNB 2022/2)5 | 73 | 2022 |
| Clinical features and management of hypokalemia (DNB 2024/1)5 | 73 | 2024 |
| Causes of hypokalemia in children (DCH 2024/1)5 | 73 | 2024 |
| Treatment of hypokalemia in children (DCH 2024/1)5 | 73 | 2024 |
| Periodic paralysis: a) Etiopathogenesis and types b) Clinical features c) Management (DCH 2024/2)3+3+4 | 73 | 2024 |
| Sources, deficiency state and uses of magnesium in children (DNB 2010/1)3+3+4 | 73 | 2010 |
| Magnesium in therapy (DNB 2014/1)3 | 73 | 2014 |
| Mechanism of action, therapeutic dose, and adverse effects in children of magnesium sulphate (DNB 2016/1)5 | 73 | 2016 |
| Magnesium and phosphate in treatment of acute severe malnutrition (DNB 2018/1)5 | 73 | 2018 |
| Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features & management of Hypophosphatemia (DNB 2016/1)2+3+2+3 | 73 | 2016 |
| Define pH and base excess. Discuss Briefly regulation of Acid-base homeostasis and management of Respiratory Acidosis (DNB 1993/1)15 | 73 | 1993 |
| Physiological compensatory mechanisms during Metabolic Acidosis (DNB 1997/1)15 | 73 | 1997 |
| Describe Briefly how the acid-base balance of body is maintained in health (DNB 1998/1)25 | 73 | 1998 |
| Anion Gap (DNB 1998/2)10, (DNB 2000/1)10 | 73 | 1998 |
| Pathophysiology of Acid-base disorders (DNB 2003/1)15 | 73 | 2003 |
| Anion Gap (DNB 2003/2)15 | 73 | 2003 |
| Define anion gap and its utility. Outline the major causes of metabolic acidosis in children. Outline the treatment of renal tubular acidosis (DNB 2004/2)2+4+4 | 73 | 2004 |
| Outline the normal mechanism of acid-base regulation in children. What is anion-gap? Describe the causes and management of a child with metabolic acidosis (DNB 2007/2)10 | 73 | 2007 |
| List the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Describe the pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment (DNB 2008/2)10 | 73 | 2008 |
| Classify metabolic acidosis based on anion gap. Mention the various causes of lactic acidosis. Describe the approach to diagnosis of inborn error of metabolism in an infant (DNB 2008/2)10 | 73 | 2008 |
| Classify and enlist the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Outline the treatment modalities (DNB 2010/1)3+3+4 | 73 | 2010 |
| Define anion gap. Enlist causes of increased anion gap acidosis and discuss its management in brief (DNB 2011/1)2+3+5 | 73 | 2011 |
| What is anion gap? Discuss the acid base distribution in metabolic acidosis. Enumerate the causes of increased anion gap and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (DNB 2015/2)1+5+2+2 | 73 | 2015 |
| Approach to a child with metabolic alkalosis (DNB 2017/2)5 | 73 | 2017 |
| Physiology of acid base homeostasis (DNB 2017/1)5 | 73 | 2017 |
| Enumerate the causes of metabolic acidosis on the basis of anion gap (DNB 2017/1)4, (DNB 2018/2)5 | 73 | 2017 |
| Causes of metabolic acidosis (DNB 2019/1)5 | 73 | 2019 |
| Causes of metabolic acidosis and compensation by body (DNB 2021/2)5 | 73 | 2021 |
| Define anion gap and causes of abnormal anion gap (DNB 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| Management of increased PCO2 in ABG (DCH 2023/2)5 | 73 | 2023 |
| Current concept of fluid replacement therapy in a sick child (DNB 2024/2)5 | 74 | 2024 |
| Why children are more vulnerable to develop dehydration (DNB 1996/2)10 | 75 | 1996 |
| One-year-old infant with AGE develops Abdominal Distension. Discuss the differential diagnosis (DNB 1997/1)10 | 75 | 1997 |
| Pathogenesis and Management of Hypernatremic Dehydration (DNB 1997/2)15 | 75 | 1997 |
| Management of Acute Diarrhea in children (DNB 1998/1)15 | 75 | 1998 |
| Management of Hypernatremic Dehydration (DNB 2002/1)15 | 75 | 2002 |
| Hypernatremic Dehydration (DNB 2003/1)15 | 75 | 2003 |
| Hyponatremic Dehydration (DNB 2003/2)15 | 75 | 2003 |
| Steps in management of patient with Hypernatremic Dehydration (DNB 2006/1)10 | 75 | 2006 |
| A one year old infant weighing 5.5kg presents with Acute Dysentery and severe dehydration. Discuss its complete management (DNB 2006/1)10 | 75 | 2006 |
| A one year old baby weighing 5.5kg comes in severe dehydration. Discuss complete management (DNB 2007/2)10 | 75 | 2007 |
| Discuss causes, predisposing factors and pathophysiology of Hypernatremic dehydration in young children (DNB 2007/1)10 | 75 | 2007 |
| Describe the pathophysiology of hyponatremic dehydration. Briefly discuss the management of a child with serum sodium of 110meq/liter presenting with moderate dehydration and seizures (DNB 2008/2)10 | 75 | 2008 |
| Physiological changes & management of hyponatremia in a child (DNB 2025/1)5 | 73 | 2025 |
| Causes of metabolic acidosis in a child (DNB 2025/1)5 | 73 | 2025 |
| Treatment of a 2-year-old child weighing 10 Kg with serum sodium 165 mEq/L (hypernatremia) (DNB 2024/2)5 | 73 | 2024 |
| Current concept of fluid replacement therapy in a sick child (DNB 2024/2)5 | 75 | 2024 |