| Embryology of heart development (DNB 2016/2)5 | 469 | 2016 |
| Describe embryonic development of heart (DNB 2023/1)5 | 469 | 2023 |
| Fetal Circulation and cardiovascular adjustments after birth (DNB 2006/1)10 | 470 | 2006 |
| Outline Fetal Circulation (DNB 2007/2)10 | 470 | 2007 |
| Draw a labeled diagram of fetal circulation. Indicate partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) values at key points in this circulation (DNB 2008/1)10 | 470 | 2008 |
| Fetal circulation and changes after birth (DNB 2010/1)5+5 | 470 | 2010 |
| Depict diagrammatically fetal circulation. Highlight its unique features differentiating it from neonatal circulation. Outline important changes occurring at birth (DNB 2011/1)4+3+3 | 470 | 2011 |
| Fetal circulation and changes after birth (DNB 2015/1)4+3 | 470 | 2015 |
| Fetal circulation and changes at birth (DNB 2018/1)5 | 470 | 2018 |
| Fetal circulation and changes at birth (DNB 2020/1)5 | 470 | 2020 |
| Fetal circulation with diagrammatic illustration and changes after birth (DNB 2020/2)5 | 470 | 2020 |
| Ductus dependent congenital heart diseases (DNB 2020/2)5 | 470 | 2020 |
| Describe / Diagramatic presentation of fetal circulation (DNB 2022/1)5 | 470 | 2022 |
| Enumerate various duct dependent congenital heart diseases that can present as neonatal emergencies (DNB 2023/1)5 | 470 | 2023 |
| Fetal, transistional and neonatal circulation (DNB 2023/2)5 | 470 | 2023 |
| Fetal circulation (DCH 2023/2)5 | 470 | 2023 |
| Significance of S2 in clinical practice (DNB 1998/1)15 | 471 | 1998 |
| Enumerate the conditions where you can get a) Loud S2 b) Wide splitting S2 Explain the pathophysiology of fixed splitting of S2 (DNB 2005/1)10 | 471 | 2005 |
| A one-year-old child is referred for an asymptomatic cardiac murmur. Outline the likely causes. How will you differentiate an innocent murmur from that of a congenital heart disease, on clinical grounds? (DNB 2009/1)3+7 | 471 | 2009 |
| How will you differentiate an innocent murmur from an organic cardiac murmur? (DNB 2023/1)5 | 471 | 2023 |
| Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterisation (DNB 2019/2)5 | 472 | 2019 |
| Normal and abnormal QRS complexes in ECG (DNB 2023/2)5 | 472 | 2023 |
| Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (DNB 2022/1)5 | 474 | 2022 |
| Describe the development of ventricular septum. Discuss the clinical features and management of VSD, and enumerate the indications for surgical intervention (DNB 2014/1)3+3+2+2 | 475 | 2014 |
| Medical management of PDA (DNB 2018/2)5 | 475 | 2018 |
| Indications of closure of ventricular septal defects in children (DNB 2020/2)5 | 475 | 2020 |
| Outline the medical management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) (DNB 2023/1)5 | 475 | 2023 |
| Treatment of ventricular septal defect (DNB 2023/2)5 | 475 | 2023 |
| Timing and indications for surgical closure of a ventricular septal defect (DNB 2024/1)5 | 475 | 2024 |
| Hyperoxia test (DNB 2020/2)5 | 478 | 2020 |
| Management of a sick newborn with suspected cyanotic heart disease (DNB 2021/1)5 | 478 | 2021 |
| Approach to manage a neonate with cyanotic congenital heart disease (DNB 2022/1)5 | 478 | 2022 |
| Cyanotic Spell (DNB 1994/2)15 | 479 | 1994 |
| How do you classify congenital cyanotic heart disease? Discuss their investigations (DNB 1997/2)15 | 479 | 1997 |
| Complications of Fallot's Tetralogy and their management (DNB 1999/2)10 | 479 | 1999 |
| Management of Paroxysmal Hypercyanotic spell (DNB 1999/2)15 | 479 | 1999 |
| Pathophysiology of Cyanotic spells (DNB 2002/1)15 | 479 | 2002 |
| What are the congenital heart diseases associated with cyanotic spells. Write clinical presentation and management of cyanotic spell (DNB 2004/2)2+3+5 | 479 | 2004 |
| How will you manage a child in cyanotic spell (DNB 2006/1)5 | 479 | 2006 |
| Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Eisenmenger Syndrome (DNB 2007/1)10 | 479 | 2007 |
| Discuss the hemodynamics and pathophysiology of Tetralogy of Fallot. Outline management of cyanotic spell in a 2-year-old child (DNB 2012/1)4+3+3 | 479 | 2012 |
| Describe the hemodynamics and clinical features of tricuspid atresia in a neonate. Outline the expected findings on ECG and chest X-ray (DNB 2013/1)3+3+2+2 | 479 | 2013 |
| Causes of blue spells in neonates (DNB 2017/2)6 | 479 | 2017 |
| Complications of TOF (DNB 2017/2)5 | 479 | 2017 |
| Pathophysiology and treatment of cyanotic spells (DNB 2018/1)5 | 479 | 2018 |
| Pathophysiology and treatment of cyanotic spells (DNB 2019/1)5 | 479 | 2019 |
| Illustrate the pathophysiology of R-L shunt (DNB 2020/2)5 | 479 | 2020 |
| Management of cyanotic spell (DNB 2021/2)4 | 479 | 2021 |
| Management of cyanotic spell (DNB 2023/1)5 | 479 | 2023 |
| Cyanotic spells management (DCH 2023/2)5 | 479 | 2023 |
| Clinical features and management of cyanotic spells in a 3-year-old child (DCH 2024/1)5 | 479 | 2024 |
| Management of cyanotic spell in a 7 month old child with 5 Kg weight (DNB 2024/2)5 | 479 | 2024 |
| Clinical features and management of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (DNB 2016/2)5 | 480 | 2016 |
| Pathophysiology of Eisenmenger syndrome (DNB 2018/2)5 | 482 | 2018 |
| Discuss the various minimally surgical invasive devices and procedures available for the management of common congenital heart diseases in children (DNB 2007/1)10 | 483 | 2007 |
| Classification of cardiac arrythmias and management of WPW Syndrome (DNB 1993/1)15 | 484 | 1993 |
| Arrythmias- pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of different types (DNB 2003/2)15 | 484 | 2003 |
| Describe the etiopathogenesis of supraventricular tachycardia in children. Discuss the diagnosis and management of a child with supraventricular tachycardia (DNB 2004/2)3+3+4 | 484 | 2004 |
| What are the causes, manifestations and management of a young child with SVT (DNB 2006/1)10 | 484 | 2006 |
| Classify stable and unstable arrythmias. Discuss the types of SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia) with their ECG changes. Outline the approach to manage unstable arrhythmias (DNB 2008/2)10 | 484 | 2008 |
| Classify anti arrhythmic drugs used in children. Describe the mechanism of action and uses of Amiodarone (DNB 2010/1)5+5 | 484 | 2010 |
| Enumerate the causes and outline the characteristics and treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) in an infant (DNB 2010/2)3+3+4 | 484 | 2010 |
| Enumerate life threatening tachyarrhythmias in childhood. How would you diagnose them? Briefly outline their emergency interventions (DNB 2012/1)2+4+4 | 484 | 2012 |
| AVNRT (AV Nodal Re-Entrant tachycardia) (DNB 2016/1)4 | 484 | 2016 |
| Enumerate difference between sinus tachycardia and SVT in a tabular format (DNB 2017/2)4 | 484 | 2017 |
| Management of SVT (DNB 2019/1)5 | 484 | 2019 |
| Approach to arrhythmia in children (DNB 2019/2)5 | 484 | 2019 |
| Types of supraventricular tachycardia and management of SVT with circulatory failure (DNB 2020/2)5 | 484 | 2020 |
| Tabulate differences in ECG findings in different tachyarrythmias in children (DNB 2021/1)5 | 484 | 2021 |
| Arrhythmias in children: Diagnosis and their immediate management in emergency room (DNB 2022/1)5 | 484 | 2022 |
| Management of ventricular tachycardia (DNB 2022/2)5 | 484 | 2022 |
| Diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (DNB 2023/2)5 | 484 | 2023 |
| ECG findings and treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a child (DNB 2024/1)5 | 484 | 2024 |
| Long QT syndrome (DNB 2024/1)5 | 484 | 2024 |
| Pathogens, clinical features and management of infective endocarditis (DNB 2010/1)2+4+4 | 486 | 2010 |
| Enumerate common pathogens of infective endocarditis. List conditions/ interventions which require prophylaxis for infective endocarditis in a child with underlying heart disease. Outline antibiotic therapy for a child with RHD and infective endocarditis (DNB 2011/1)2+3+5 | 486 | 2011 |
| Outline Duke criteria for diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. Discuss its application in clinical setting (DNB 2013/1)6+4 | 486 | 2013 |
| Infective endocarditis prophylaxis in heart disease (DNB 2018/2)5 | 486 | 2018 |
| Infective Endocarditis - Management and Preventive Prophylaxis (DNB 2021/2)6 | 486 | 2021 |
| Treatment of Acute Rheumatic carditis (DNB 1997/1)15 | 487 | 1997 |
| Management of a child with acute rheumatic fever with carditis (DNB 2021/1)5 | 487 | 2021 |
| All possible radiologic and echocardiographic findings of Rheumatic Heart Disease (DNB 2021/2)5 | 487 | 2021 |
| Cardiomyopathy (DNB 1995/1)15 | 488 | 1995 |
| Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy (DNB 1996/2)12 | 488 | 1996 |
| Discuss in brief the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of dilated cardiomyopathy (DNB 2012/1)3+3+4 | 488 | 2012 |
| Causes of cardiomyopathy in children (DNB 2017/1)5 | 488 | 2017 |
| Management of acute myocarditis (DNB 2018/2)5 | 488 | 2018 |
| Differential diagnosis and treatment modality of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DNB 2019/1)5 | 488 | 2019 |
| Myocarditis: a) Clinical manifestations b) Management (DCH 2024/2)5+5 | 488 | 2024 |
| Diagnosis and management of Constrictive Pericarditis (DNB 1999/2)10 | 489 | 1999 |
| Newer approaches in management of CCF (DNB 1993/1)15 | 491 | 1993 |
| Treatment of Intractable CCF (DNB 1993/2)10 | 491 | 1993 |
| Describe Briefly the Pathophysiology of CCF and management of Refractory Failure (DNB 1998/2)25 | 491 | 1998 |
| Intractable congestive heart failure- management approach (DNB 2002/1)15 | 491 | 2002 |
| ACE inhibitors in CCF with congenital heart disease (DNB 2003/1)15 | 491 | 2003 |
| CCF- Pathophysiology and management (DNB 2003/2)25 | 491 | 2003 |
| How will you manage a child in Refractory CCF (DNB 2006/1)5 | 491 | 2006 |
| Discuss the pathogenesis of Congestive Heart failure and the role of vasodilators in its management (DNB 2006/1)10 | 491 | 2006 |
| A 13-year-old male is brought with an H/o progressive Dyspnea on exertion. He has past H/o recurrent joint pain. What is the most likely diagnosis? How will you investigate and manage the child? Add a note on Refractory CCF in a child (DNB 2005/1)5+5 | 491 | 2005 |
| Refractory congestive heart failure- causes and management (DNB 2007/2)10 | 491 | 2007 |
| List the causes of congestive heart failure in a 2 years old child. Describe different types of VSD according to position and size. Write indicators for surgical intervention/ device closure (DNB 2008/1)10 | 491 | 2008 |
| Discuss the role of vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure. Enumerate various vasodilator agents used in CHF and their respective mechanisms of action (DNB 2008/1)10 | 491 | 2008 |
| A 3-year-old child having fever for 2 days suddenly develops breathlessness, tachycardia and sweating. Describe the differential diagnosis of this case and its treatment (DNB 2009/2)5+5 | 491 | 2009 |
| A 2-month old baby presents with history of failure to gain weight, tachypnea, tachycardia, difficulty in taking feed and excessive perspiration. On examination -no cyanosis, hepatomegaly and systolic murmur is noted. Discuss differential diagnosis, investigations and management (DNB 2010/1)3+3+4 | 491 | 2010 |
| Discuss the role of vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure. Enumerate various vasodilator agents used in CHF and their respective mechanisms of action (DNB 2015/2)4+3+3 | 491 | 2015 |
| Management of congestive heart failure (DNB 2017/2)5 | 491 | 2017 |
| Fluid therapy in congestive cardiac failure (DNB 2023/1)5 | 491 | 2023 |
| Reasons for CHF in 6 month old (DCH 2023/2)5 | 491 | 2023 |
| Treatment of refractory congestive cardiac failure (DNB 2024/1)5 | 491 | 2024 |
| Sudden onset of breathlessness in a 3-year-old child: a) Causes b) Management (DCH 2024/2)5+5 | 491 | 2024 |
| Diagnosis of Essential Hypertension in children (DNB 1993/1)10 | 494 | 1993 |
| Investigations in a child with Hypertension (DNB 1995/1)10 | 494 | 1995 |
| Treatment of Hypertension (DNB 1997/2)12 | 494 | 1997 |
| Discuss etiology, diagnosis and management of Childhood Hypertension (DNB 2000/1)25 | 494 | 2000 |
| Severe Hypertension in infancy (DNB 2000/1)15 | 494 | 2000 |
| Discuss the causes of Hypertension in a 7-year-old child. Approach of investigation and management of such a case (DNB 2002/1)25 | 494 | 2002 |
| A 8 year old child is brought with a history of convulsions and altered sensorium. On examination her BP was 180/110 mm Hg. Discuss the differential diagnosis and laboratory investigations in this child. Discuss the management of Hypertensive Encephalopathy in this child. Add a note on fundus changes in hypertension (DNB 2006/1)10 | 494 | 2006 |
| Recent advances in management of Hypertension (DNB 2006/1)10 | 494 | 2006 |
| Essential Hypertension in children (DNB 2007/1)10 | 494 | 2007 |
| Discuss the treatment of Hypertension in children. Classify the drugs used to treat hypertension and Briefly mention their mechanism of action (DNB 2007/2)10 | 494 | 2007 |
| A 10 year old boy is brought with a history of convulsions and altered sensorium. On examination, his BP was 180/110 mm of Hg. Describe differential diagnosis, laboratory investigations and treatment of this case (DNB 2009/2)3+4+3 | 494 | 2009 |
| Describe the causes and pathogenesis or renal and renovascular hypertension. Outline principles of management (DNB 2012/1)3+3+4 | 494 | 2012 |
| Define Hypertension in children. Enumerate the causes and discuss the management of an 8 years old boy presenting with a blood pressure of 210/160 mm Hg with seizures (DNB 2014/1)2+3+5 | 494 | 2014 |
| An 8-year-old child is brought with a history of convulsions and altered sensorium. His BP is 180/110 mm Hg. Discuss the D/D and laboratory investigations and management of this patient (DNB 2016/1)3+3+4 | 494 | 2016 |
| Treatment of hypertensive emergency (DNB 2018/1)5 | 494 | 2018 |
| Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of high blood pressure in children (DNB 2020/1)5 | 494 | 2020 |
| Updated definition of Elevated Blood Pressure, Stage 1 and Stage 2 Hypertension in children (DNB 2022/1)5 | 494 | 2022 |
| Discuss the evaluation of a child with BP >95th centile +12mmHg recorded twice during OPD visits (DNB 2022/1)5 | 494 | 2022 |
| Causes of renovascular hypertension (DNB 2022/2)5 | 494 | 2022 |
| Management of a child with acute severe hypertension (DNB 2022/2)5 | 494 | 2022 |
| Management of hypertensive emergency in a six-year-old child (DNB 2024/2)5 | 494 | 2024 |
| Hypertensive crisis in children: a) Etiopathogenesis b) Outline of management c) Outcome in relation to etiology (DCH 2024/2)3+3+4 | 494 | 2024 |
| Hypertension in children: a) Definition b) Aetiology c) Investigation d) Management (DCH 2024/2)2+2+2+4 | 494 | 2024 |
| Nadas criteria for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (DNB 2025/1)5 | 474 | 2025 |
| Management of cyanotic spell in a 7-month-old child weighing 5 Kg (DNB 2024/2)5 | 479 | 2024 |
| Drugs used in pulmonary hypertension (DNB 2025/1)5 | 482 | 2025 |
| Approach to management of tachyarrythmias in a child (DNB 2025/1)5 | 484 | 2025 |
| Wolf Parkinson White syndrome (DNB 2025/1)5 | 484 | 2025 |
| Cardiac action potential in various parts of the heart (DNB 2025/1)5 | 484 | 2025 |
| Vaughan Williams classification for antiarrhythmic medications (DNB 2025/1)5 | 484 | 2025 |
| Pathophysiology of acute rheumatic fever (DNB 2025/1)5 | 484 | 2025 |
| Etiopathogenesis and management of congenital heart block (DNB 2024/2)5 | 484 | 2024 |
| Management of hypertensive emergency in a six-year-old child (DNB 2024/2)5 | 494 | 2024 |